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The following ABNF definition specifies the Brief Syntax of the SNOMED CT Expression Constraint Language.
This ABNF syntax and the ANTLR syntax is maintained in the SNOMED Expression Constraint Language GitHub repository.
expressionConstraint = ws ( refinedExpressionConstraint / compoundExpressionConstraint / dottedExpressionConstraint / subExpressionConstraint ) ws refinedExpressionConstraint = subExpressionConstraint ws ":" ws eclRefinement compoundExpressionConstraint = conjunctionExpressionConstraint / disjunctionExpressionConstraint / exclusionExpressionConstraint conjunctionExpressionConstraint = subExpressionConstraint 1*(ws conjunction ws subExpressionConstraint) disjunctionExpressionConstraint = subExpressionConstraint 1*(ws disjunction ws subExpressionConstraint) exclusionExpressionConstraint = subExpressionConstraint ws exclusion ws subExpressionConstraint dottedExpressionConstraint = subExpressionConstraint 1*(ws dottedExpressionAttribute) dottedExpressionAttribute = dot ws eclAttributeName subExpressionConstraint= [constraintOperator ws] ( ( [memberOf ws] (eclFocusConcept / "(" ws expressionConstraint ws ")") *(ws memberFilterConstraint)) / (eclFocusConcept / "(" ws expressionConstraint ws ")") ) *(ws (descriptionFilterConstraint / conceptFilterConstraint)) [ws historySupplement] eclFocusConcept = eclConceptReference / wildCard / altIdentifier dot = "." memberOf = "^" [ ws "[" ws (refsetFieldNameSet / wildCard) ws "]" ] refsetFieldNameSet = refsetFieldName *(ws "," ws refsetFieldName) refsetFieldName = 1*alpha eclConceptReference = conceptId [ws "|" ws term ws "|"] eclConceptReferenceSet = "(" ws eclConceptReference 1*(mws eclConceptReference) ws ")" conceptId = sctId term = 1*nonwsNonPipe *( 1*SP 1*nonwsNonPipe ) altIdentifier = (QM altIdentifierSchemeAlias "#" altIdentifierCodeWithinQuotes QM / altIdentifierSchemeAlias "#" altIdentifierCodeWithoutQuotes) [ws "|" ws term ws "|"] altIdentifierSchemeAlias = alpha *(dash / alpha / integerValue) altIdentifierCodeWithinQuotes = 1*anyNonEscapedChar altIdentifierCodeWithoutQuotes = 1*(alpha / digit / dash / "." / "_") wildCard = "*" constraintOperator = childOf / childOrSelfOf / descendantOrSelfOf / descendantOf / parentOf / parentOrSelfOf / ancestorOrSelfOf / ancestorOf / top / bottom descendantOf = "<" descendantOrSelfOf = "<<" childOf = "<!" childOrSelfOf = "<<!" ancestorOf = ">" ancestorOrSelfOf = ">>" parentOf = ">!" parentOrSelfOf = ">>!" top = "!!>" bottom = "!!<" conjunction = (("a"/"A") ("n"/"N") ("d"/"D") mws) / "," disjunction = ("o"/"O") ("r"/"R") mws exclusion = ("m"/"M") ("i"/"I") ("n"/"N") ("u"/"U") ("s"/"S") mws eclRefinement = subRefinement ws [conjunctionRefinementSet / disjunctionRefinementSet] conjunctionRefinementSet = 1*(ws conjunction ws subRefinement) disjunctionRefinementSet = 1*(ws disjunction ws subRefinement) subRefinement = eclAttributeSet / eclAttributeGroup / "(" ws eclRefinement ws ")" eclAttributeSet = subAttributeSet ws [conjunctionAttributeSet / disjunctionAttributeSet] conjunctionAttributeSet = 1*(ws conjunction ws subAttributeSet) disjunctionAttributeSet = 1*(ws disjunction ws subAttributeSet) subAttributeSet = eclAttribute / "(" ws eclAttributeSet ws ")" eclAttributeGroup = ["[" cardinality "]" ws] "{" ws eclAttributeSet ws "}" eclAttribute = ["[" cardinality "]" ws] [reverseFlag ws] eclAttributeName ws (expressionComparisonOperator ws subExpressionConstraint / numericComparisonOperator ws "#" numericValue / stringComparisonOperator ws (typedSearchTerm / typedSearchTermSet) / booleanComparisonOperator ws booleanValue) cardinality = minValue to maxValue minValue = nonNegativeIntegerValue to = ".." maxValue = nonNegativeIntegerValue / many many = "*" reverseFlag = "R" eclAttributeName = subExpressionConstraint expressionComparisonOperator = "=" / "!=" numericComparisonOperator = "=" / "!=" / "<=" / "<" / ">=" / ">" timeComparisonOperator = "=" / "!=" / "<=" / "<" / ">=" / ">" stringComparisonOperator = "=" / "!=" booleanComparisonOperator = "=" / "!=" idComparisonOperator = "=" / "!=" descriptionFilterConstraint = "{{" ws [ "d" / "D" ] ws descriptionFilter *(ws "," ws descriptionFilter) ws "}}" descriptionFilter = termFilter / languageFilter / typeFilter / dialectFilter / moduleFilter / effectiveTimeFilter / activeFilter / descriptionIdFilter descriptionIdFilter = descriptionIdKeyword ws idComparisonOperator ws (descriptionId / descriptionIdSet) descriptionIdKeyword = ("i"/"I") ("d"/"D") descriptionId = sctId descriptionIdSet = "(" ws descriptionId *(mws descriptionId) ws ")" termFilter = termKeyword ws stringComparisonOperator ws (typedSearchTerm / typedSearchTermSet) termKeyword = ("t"/"T") ("e"/"E") ("r"/"R") ("m"/"M") typedSearchTerm = ( [ matchKeyword ws ":" ws ] matchSearchTermSet ) / ( wild ws ":" ws wildSearchTermSet ) typedSearchTermSet = "(" ws typedSearchTerm *(mws typedSearchTerm) ws ")" wild = ("w"/"W") ("i"/"I") ("l"/"L") ("d"/"D") matchKeyword = ("m"/"M") ("a"/"A") ("t"/"T") ("c"/"C") ("h"/"H") matchSearchTerm = 1*(nonwsNonEscapedChar / escapedChar) matchSearchTermSet = QM ws matchSearchTerm *(mws matchSearchTerm) ws QM wildSearchTerm = 1*(anyNonEscapedChar / escapedWildChar) wildSearchTermSet = QM wildSearchTerm QM languageFilter = language ws booleanComparisonOperator ws (languageCode / languageCodeSet) language = ("l"/"L") ("a"/"A") ("n"/"N") ("g"/"G") ("u"/"U") ("a"/"A") ("g"/"G") ("e"/"E") languageCode = 2alpha languageCodeSet = "(" ws languageCode *(mws languageCode) ws ")" typeFilter = typeIdFilter / typeTokenFilter typeIdFilter = typeId ws booleanComparisonOperator ws (subExpressionConstraint / eclConceptReferenceSet) typeId = ("t"/"T") ("y"/"Y") ("p"/"P") ("e"/"E") ("i"/"I") ("d"/"D") typeTokenFilter = type ws booleanComparisonOperator ws (typeToken / typeTokenSet) type =
expressionConstraint = ws ( refinedExpressionConstraint / compoundExpressionConstraint / dottedExpressionConstraint / subExpressionConstraint ) ws
refinedExpressionConstraint = subExpressionConstraint ws ":" ws eclRefinement
compoundExpressionConstraint = conjunctionExpressionConstraint / disjunctionExpressionConstraint / exclusionExpressionConstraint
conjunctionExpressionConstraint = subExpressionConstraint 1*(ws conjunction ws subExpressionConstraint)
disjunctionExpressionConstraint = subExpressionConstraint 1*(ws disjunction ws subExpressionConstraint)
exclusionExpressionConstraint = subExpressionConstraint ws exclusion ws subExpressionConstraint
dottedExpressionConstraint = subExpressionConstraint 1*(ws dottedExpressionAttribute)
dottedExpressionAttribute = dot ws eclAttributeName
subExpressionConstraint = [constraintOperator ws] [memberOf ws] (eclFocusConcept / "(" ws expressionConstraint ws ")") *(ws filterConstraint)
eclFocusConcept = eclConceptReference / wildCard
dot = "."
memberOf = "^"
eclConceptReference = conceptId [ws "|" ws term ws "|"]
eclConceptReferenceSet = "(" ws eclConceptReference *(mws eclConceptReference) ws ")"
conceptId = sctId
term = 1*nonwsNonPipe *( 1*SP 1*nonwsNonPipe )
wildCard = "*"
constraintOperator = childOf / childOrSelfOf / descendantOrSelfOf / descendantOf / parentOf / parentOrSelfOf / ancestorOrSelfOf / ancestorOf
descendantOf = "<"
descendantOrSelfOf = "<<"
childOf = "<!"
childOrSelfOf = "<<!"
ancestorOf = ">"
ancestorOrSelfOf = ">>"
parentOf = ">!"
parentOrSelfOf = ">>!"
conjunction = (("a"/"A") ("n"/"N") ("d"/"D") mws) / ","
disjunction = ("o"/"O") ("r"/"R") mws
exclusion = ("m"/"M") ("i"/"I") ("n"/"N") ("u"/"U") ("s"/"S") mws
eclRefinement = subRefinement ws [conjunctionRefinementSet / disjunctionRefinementSet]
conjunctionRefinementSet = 1*(ws conjunction ws subRefinement)
disjunctionRefinementSet = 1*(ws disjunction ws subRefinement)
subRefinement = eclAttributeSet / eclAttributeGroup / "(" ws eclRefinement ws ")"
eclAttributeSet = subAttributeSet ws [conjunctionAttributeSet / disjunctionAttributeSet]
conjunctionAttributeSet = 1*(ws conjunction ws subAttributeSet)
disjunctionAttributeSet = 1*(ws disjunction ws subAttributeSet)
subAttributeSet = eclAttribute / "(" ws eclAttributeSet ws ")"
eclAttributeGroup = ["[" cardinality "]" ws] "{" ws eclAttributeSet ws "}"
eclAttribute = ["[" cardinality "]" ws] [reverseFlag ws] eclAttributeName ws (expressionComparisonOperator ws subExpressionConstraint / numericComparisonOperator ws "#" numericValue / stringComparisonOperator ws QM stringValue QM / booleanComparisonOperator ws booleanValue)
cardinality = minValue to maxValue
minValue = nonNegativeIntegerValue
to = ".."
maxValue = nonNegativeIntegerValue / many
many = "*"
reverseFlag = "R"
eclAttributeName = subExpressionConstraint
expressionComparisonOperator = "=" / "!="
numericComparisonOperator = "=" / "!=" / "<=" / "<" / ">=" / ">"
timeComparisonOperator = "=" / "!=" / "<=" / "<" / ">=" / ">"
stringComparisonOperator = "=" / "!="
booleanComparisonOperator = "=" / "!="
filterConstraint = descriptionFilterConstraint / conceptFilterConstraint
descriptionFilterConstraint = "{{" ws [ "d" / "D" ] ws descriptionFilter *(ws "," ws descriptionFilter) ws "}}"
descriptionFilter = termFilter / languageFilter / typeFilter / dialectFilter
termFilter = termKeyword ws booleanComparisonOperator ws (typedSearchTerm / typedSearchTermSet)
termKeyword =("t"/"T") ("ey"/"EY") ("rp"/"RP") ("me"/"ME")typedSearchTerm = ( [ match ws ":" ws ] matchSearchTermSet ) / ( wild ws ":" ws wildSearchTermSet )
typedSearchTermSet = "(" ws typedSearchTerm *(mws typedSearchTerm) ws ")"
wild = ("w"/"W") ("i"/"I") ("l"/"L") ("d"/"D")
match = ("m"/"M") ("a"/"A") ("t"/"T") ("c"/"C") ("h"/"H")
matchSearchTerm = 1*(nonwsNonEscapedChar / escapedChar)
matchSearchTermSet = QM ws matchSearchTerm *(mws matchSearchTerm) ws QM
wildSearchTerm = 1*(anyNonEscapedChar / escapedWildChar)
wildSearchTermSet = QM wildSearchTerm QM
languageFilter = language ws booleanComparisonOperator ws (languageCode / languageCodeSet)
language = ("l"/"L") ("a"/"A") ("n"/"N") ("g"/"G") ("u"/"U") ("a"/"A") ("g"/"G") ("e"/"E")
languageCode = 2alpha
languageCodeSet = "(" ws languageCode *(mws languageCode) ws ")"
typeFilter = typeIdFilter / typeTokenFilter
typeIdFilter = typeId ws booleanComparisonOperator ws (subExpressionConstraint / eclConceptReferenceSet)
typeId = ("t"/"T") ("y"/"Y") ("p"/"P")typeToken = synonym / fullySpecifiedName / definition typeTokenSet = "(" ws typeToken *(mws typeToken) ws ")" synonym = ("s"/"S") ("y"/"Y") ("n"/"N") fullySpecifiedName = ("f"/"F") ("s"/"S") ("n"/"N") definition = ("d"/"D") ("e"/"E") ("f"/"F") dialectFilter = (dialectIdFilter / dialectAliasFilter) [ ws acceptabilitySet ] dialectIdFilter = dialectId ws booleanComparisonOperator ws (subExpressionConstraint / dialectIdSet) dialectId = ("d"/"D") ("i"/"I") ("a"/"A") ("l"/"L") ("e"/"E") ("c"/"C") ("t"/"T") ("i"/"I") ("d"/"D") dialectAliasFilter = dialect ws booleanComparisonOperator ws (dialectAlias / dialectAliasSet) dialect = ("d"/"D") ("i"/"I") ("a"/"A") ("l"/"L") ("e"/"E") ("ic"/"IC") ("dt"/"DT")typeTokenFilter = type ws booleanComparisonOperator ws (typeToken / typeTokenSet)
type = ("t"/"T") ("y"/"Y") ("p"/"P") ("e"/"E")
typeToken = synonym / fullySpecifiedName / definition
typeTokenSet = "(" ws typeToken *(mws typeToken) ws ")"
synonym = ("s"/"S") ("y"/"Y") ("n"/"N")
fullySpecifiedName = ("f"/"F") ("s"/"S") ("n"/"N")
definition = ("d"/"D")dialectAlias = alpha *( dash / alpha / integerValue) dialectAliasSet = "(" ws dialectAlias [ws acceptabilitySet] *(mws dialectAlias [ws acceptabilitySet] ) ws ")" dialectIdSet = "(" ws eclConceptReference [ws acceptabilitySet] *(mws eclConceptReference [ws acceptabilitySet] ) ws ")" acceptabilitySet = acceptabilityConceptReferenceSet / acceptabilityTokenSet acceptabilityConceptReferenceSet = "(" ws eclConceptReference *(mws eclConceptReference) ws ")" acceptabilityTokenSet = "(" ws acceptabilityToken *(mws acceptabilityToken) ws ")" acceptabilityToken = acceptable / preferred acceptable = ("a"/"A") ("c"/"C") ("c"/"C") ("e"/"E") ("fp"/"FP")dialectFilter = (dialectIdFilter / dialectAliasFilter) [ ws acceptabilitySet ]
dialectIdFilter = dialectId ws booleanComparisonOperator ws (subExpressionConstraint / dialectIdSet)
dialectId = ("d"/"D") ("i"/"I") ("a"/"A") ("l"/"L")("t"/"T") preferred = ("p"/"P") ("r"/"R") ("e"/"E") ("f"/"F") ("e"/"E") ("cr"/"CR") conceptFilterConstraint = "{{" ws ("tc" / "TC") ws conceptFilter *(ws "i"/"I") ("d"/"D")dialectAliasFilter = dialect ws booleanComparisonOperator ws (dialectAlias / dialectAliasSet)
dialect =," ws conceptFilter) ws "}}" conceptFilter = definitionStatusFilter / moduleFilter / effectiveTimeFilter / activeFilter definitionStatusFilter = definitionStatusIdFilter / definitionStatusTokenFilter definitionStatusIdFilter = definitionStatusIdKeyword ws booleanComparisonOperator ws (subExpressionConstraint / eclConceptReferenceSet) definitionStatusIdKeyword = ("d"/"D") ("ie"/"IE") ("af"/"AF") ("li"/"LI") ("en"/"EN") ("ci"/"CI") ("t"/"T")dialectAlias = alpha *( dash / alpha / integerValue)
dialectAliasSet = "(" ws dialectAlias [ws acceptabilitySet] *(mws dialectAlias [ws acceptabilitySet] ) ws ")"
dialectIdSet = "(" ws eclConceptReference [ws acceptabilitySet] *(mws eclConceptReference [ws acceptabilitySet] ) ws ")"
acceptabilitySet = eclConceptReferenceSet / acceptabilityTokenSet
acceptabilityTokenSet = "(" ws acceptabilityToken *(mws acceptabilityToken) ws ")"
acceptabilityToken = acceptable / preferred
acceptable =("i"/"I") ("o"/"O") ("n"/"N") ("s"/"S") ("t"/"T") ("a"/"A") ("ct"/"CT") ("cu"/"CU") ("es"/"ES") ("pi"/"PI") ("td"/"TD")preferred = ("p"/"P") ("r"/"R")definitionStatusTokenFilter = definitionStatusKeyword ws booleanComparisonOperator ws (definitionStatusToken / definitionStatusTokenSet) definitionStatusKeyword = ("d"/"D") ("e"/"E") ("f"/"F") ("ei"/"EI") ("rn"/"RN")conceptFilterConstraint = "{{" ws("ci"/"CI")ws conceptFilter *(ws"
," ws conceptFilter) ws "}}"conceptFilter = definitionStatusFilter / moduleFilter / effectiveTimeFilter / activeFilter
definitionStatusFilter = definitionStatusIdFilter / definitionStatusTokenFilter
definitionStatusIdFilter = definitionStatusIdKeyword ws booleanComparisonOperator ws (subExpressionConstraint / eclConceptReferenceSet)
definitionStatusIdKeyword = ("d"/"D") ("e"/"E") ("f"/"F") ("i"/"I") ("n"/"N") ("i"/"I")t"/"T") ("i"/"I") ("o"/"O") ("n"/"N") ("s"/"S") ("t"/"T") ("a"/"A") ("t"/"T")("iu"/"IU")("os"/"OS")("n"/"N") ("s"/"S") ("t"/"T") ("a"/"A") ("t"/"T") ("u"/"U") ("s"/"S")definitionStatusToken = primitiveToken / definedToken definitionStatusTokenSet = "(" ws definitionStatusToken *(mws definitionStatusToken) ws ")" primitiveToken = ("p"/"P") ("r"/"R") ("i"/"I") ("m"/"M") ("i"/"I") ("t"/"T") ("i"/"I")("dv"/"DV")definitionStatusTokenFilter = definitionStatusKeyword ws booleanComparisonOperator ws (definitionStatusToken / definitionStatusTokenSet)
definitionStatusKeyword =("e"/"E") definedToken = ("d"/"D") ("e"/"E") ("f"/"F") ("i"/"I")("n"/"N") ("i"/"I") ("t"/"T") ("i"/"I") ("o"/"O") ("n"/"N") ("s"/"S") ("t"/"T") ("a"/"A") ("t"/"T") ("u"/"U") ("s"/"S")definitionStatusToken = primitiveToken / definedToken
definitionStatusTokenSet = "(" ws definitionStatusToken *(mws definitionStatusToken) ws ")"
primitiveToken = ("p"/"P") ("r"/"R")") ("e"/"E") ("d"/"D") moduleFilter = moduleIdKeyword ws booleanComparisonOperator ws (subExpressionConstraint / eclConceptReferenceSet) moduleIdKeyword = ("m"/"M") ("o"/"O") ("d"/"D") ("u"/"U") ("l"/"L") ("e"/"E") ("i"/"I") ("d"/"D") effectiveTimeFilter = effectiveTimeKeyword ws timeComparisonOperator ws ( timeValue / timeValueSet ) effectiveTimeKeyword = ("e"/"E") ("f"/"F") ("f"/"F") ("e"/"E") ("c"/"C") ("t"/"T") ("i"/"I")("mv"/"MV")("ie"/"IE")("t"/"T")("i"/"I")("vm"/"VM")("e"/"E")definedToken = ("d"/"D") ("e"/"E") ("f"/"F") ("i"/"I") ("n"/"N") ("e"/"E") ("d"/"D")
moduleFilter = moduleIdKeyword ws booleanComparisonOperator ws (subExpressionConstraint / eclConceptReferenceSet)
moduleIdKeyword = ("m"/"M") ("o"/"O") ("d"/"D") ("u"/"U") ("l"/"L") ("e"/"E") ("i"/"I") ("d"/"D")
effectiveTimeFilter = effectiveTimeKeyword ws timeComparisonOperator ws ( timeValue / timeValueSet )
effectiveTimeKeyword = ("e"/"E") ("f"/"F") ("f"/"F") ("e"/"E") ("c"/"C") ("t"/"T") ("i"/"I") ("v"/"V") ("e"/"E")"E") timeValue = QM [ year month day ] QM timeValueSet = "(" ws timeValue *(mws timeValue) ws ")" year = digitNonZero digit digit digit month = "01" / "02" / "03" / "04" / "05" / "06" / "07" / "08" / "09" / "10" / "11" / "12" day = "01" / "02" / "03" / "04" / "05" / "06" / "07" / "08" / "09" / "10" / "11" / "12" / "13" / "14" / "15" / "16" / "17" / "18" / "19" / "20" / "21" / "22" / "23" / "24" / "25" / "26" / "27" / "28" / "29" / "30" / "31" activeFilter = activeKeyword ws booleanComparisonOperator ws activeValue activeKeyword = ("a"/"A") ("c"/"C") ("t"/"T")("i"/"I")("mv"/"MV")("e"/"E")timeValue = QM [ year month day ] QM
timeValueSet = "(" ws timeValue *(mws timeValue) ws ")"
year = digitNonZero digit digit digit
month = "01" / "02" / "03" / "04" / "05" / "06" / "07" / "08" / "09" / "10" / "11" / "12"
day = "01" / "02" / "03" / "04" / "05" / "06" / "07" / "08" / "09" / "10" / "11" / "12" / "13" / "14" / "15" / "16" / "17" / "18" / "19" / "20" / "21" / "22" / "23" / "24" / "25" / "26" / "27" / "28" / "29" / "30" / "31"
activeFilter = activeKeyword ws booleanComparisonOperator ws activeValue
activeKeyword = ("a"/"A") ("c"/"C") ("t"/"T") ("i"/"I") ("v"/"V") ("e"/"E")
activeValue = activeTrueValue / activeFalseValue
activeTrueValue = "1" / "true"
activeFalseValue = "0" / "false"
numericValue =activeValue = activeTrueValue / activeFalseValue activeTrueValue = "1" / "true" activeFalseValue = "0" / "false" memberFilterConstraint = "{{" ws ("m" / "M") ws memberFilter *(ws "," ws memberFilter) ws "}}" memberFilter = moduleFilter / effectiveTimeFilter / activeFilter / memberFieldFilter memberFieldFilter = refsetFieldName ws (expressionComparisonOperator ws subExpressionConstraint / numericComparisonOperator ws "#" numericValue / stringComparisonOperator ws (typedSearchTerm / typedSearchTermSet) / booleanComparisonOperator ws booleanValue / ws timeComparisonOperator ws (timeValue / timeValueSet) ) historySupplement = "{{" ws "+" ws historyKeyword [ historyProfileSuffix / ws historySubset ] ws "}}" historyKeyword = ("h"/"H") ("i"/"I") ("s"/"S") ("t"/"T") ("o"/"O") ("r"/"R") ("y"/"Y") historyProfileSuffix = historyMinimumSuffix / historyModerateSuffix / historyMaximumSuffix historyMinimumSuffix = ("-"/"_") ("m"/"M") ("i"/"I") ("n"/"N") historyModerateSuffix = ("-"/"_") ("m"/"M") ("o"/"O") ("d"/"D") historyMaximumSuffix = ("-"/"_") ("m"/"M") ("a"/"A") ("x"/"X") historySubset = "(" ws expressionConstraint ws ")" numericValue = ["-"/"+"] (decimalValue / integerValue)stringValue= 1*(anyNonEscapedChar / escapedChar)integerValue=digitNonZerodigitNonZero *digit / zerodecimalValue=integerValueintegerValue "."11*digitbooleanValue= true / falsetrue= ("t"/"T") ("r"/"R") ("u"/"U") ("e"/"E")false= ("f"/"F") ("a"/"A") ("l"/"L") ("s"/"S") ("e"/"E")nonNegativeIntegerValue= (digitNonZero *digit ) / zerosctId= digitNonZero 5*17( digit )ws= *( SP / HTAB / CR / LF / comment ) ; optional white spacemws= 1*( SP / HTAB / CR / LF / comment ) ; mandatory white spacecomment= "/*" *(nonStarChar / starWithNonFSlash) "*/"nonStarChar= SP / HTAB / CR / LF / %x21-29 / %x2B-7E /UTF8-2 / UTF8-3 / UTF8-4starWithNonFSlash= %x2A nonFSlashnonFSlash= SP / HTAB / CR / LF / %x21-2E / %x30-7E /UTF8-2 / UTF8-3 / UTF8-4SP= %x20 ; spaceHTAB= %x09 ; tabCR= %x0D ; carriage returnLF= %x0A ; line feedQM= %x22 ; quotation markBS= %x5C ; back slashstar=%x2A%x2A ; asteriskdigit= %x30-39zero= %x30digitNonZero= %x31-39nonwsNonPipe= %x21-7B / %x7D-7E / UTF8-2 / UTF8-3 / UTF8-4anyNonEscapedChar= SP / HTAB / CR / LF / %x20-21 / %x23-5B / %x5D-7E / UTF8-2 / UTF8-3 / UTF8-4escapedChar= BS QM / BS BSescapedWildChar= BS QM / BS BS / BS starnonwsNonEscapedChar=%x21%x21 / %x23-5B / %x5D-7E / UTF8-2 / UTF8-3 / UTF8-4alpha= %x41-5A / %x61-7Adash= %x2DUTF8-2= %xC2-DF UTF8-tailUTF8-3= %xE0 %xA0-BF UTF8-tail / %xE1-EC 2( UTF8-tail ) / %xED %x80-9F UTF8-tail / %xEE-EF 2( UTF8-tail )UTF8-4= %xF0 %x90-BF 2( UTF8-tail ) / %xF1-F3 3( UTF8-tail ) / %xF4 %x80-8F 2( UTF8-tail )UTF8-tail= %x80-BF