...

The (authorised) product name for the medicinal product as designated by the license holder (supplier); this may (or may not) be a trademarked name, and is often referred to as the "brand name". 

Discussion

The 

Concept
t 774158006 |Has

The "has

product name

"

(attribute)|

is used in the definition of the real medicinal product and the real clinical drug.  It is not used in the real packaged clinical drug, as this brings the relevant information via the real clinical drug it contains.

It is not essential that the product name be an invented or brand name - ; it can be a generic name (for example, using one or more international non-proprietary therapeutic substance names). The product name concepts are authored to value the definitional attribute for the real medicinal products and real clinical drugs in the national extension, and since real packaged clinical drugs contain real contain real clinical drugs, this set of concepts does also. 

It is possible for an extension that wishes to author a hierarchy of product name concepts , they can to choose to value the has the 

Concept
t 774158006 |Has product name (attribute)|

differently for the different classes of real medicinal product and real clinical drug. 

For example:,

Gliffy Diagram
size 1000 name Product name hierarchy 2 pagePin 1

...

In a product name hierarchy, the parent product name concept should be authored to authored to reflect the unique set of active ingredient substances for the real medicinal product and associated real associated real clinical drug concepts.  It is therefore most useful if the parent product name does not include not include any reference to dose form (e.g., "LA" or "Retard") or to strength (e.g., "Double Strength") or any other information such as indication (e.g., "Shingles Treatment").  Child product name concepts can be authored to include additional information as provided in the authorised name for real clinical drugs.  

Product name concepts must be authored in each national extension since the same product name can represent products containing different active ingredients in different jurisdictions, and therefore, the product name has can have a different meaning in different jurisdictions. 

The 774158006 |Has product name (attribute)|attribute is available from the concept model attribute hierarchy; values for the "has for 

Concept
t 774158006 |Has product name

"

(attribute)|

should be authored in the national extension, extension using the root of 774167006 

Concept
t 774167006 |Product name (product name)|

from the Qualifier hierarchy.

...

The (name of the) organisation that holds the authorisation for marketing or supply of the medicinal product. 

Discussion

The 

Concept
t 774159003 |Has supplier (attribute)|

The "has supplier" attribute is used in the definition of the real medicinal product and the real clinical drug.  It is not used in the real packaged clinical drug, as this brings the relevant information via the real clinical drug it contains.

Medicinal products, like other complex products, are rarely "manufactured" by one single organisation; the substances in a product may be sourced from a range of specialist manufacturers and then assembled into the manufactured dose form by another organisation. The assembling organisation may be a contract manufacturer holding a manufacturing license and working for a variety of clients.  In ISO 11615:2017, the "manufacturer" of a medicinal product is defined as the "organisation that holds the authorisation for the manufacturing process", and it notes that "establishment is a synonym of manufacturer"; establishment .  Establishment is a term that is often used in the USA.  In national terminologies for clinical use, however, the term "manufacturer" usually refers to the organisation whose name and details are associated with the professional and public facing information about the product.  To avoid confusion in this specification, the term "manufacturer" has not been used; instead , instead "supplier" is the term used and is  is the organisation responsible for providing the clinical information to support the product use both for patients and healthcare professionals and is also responsible for the quality and safety of the product, including for managing management of all adverse event information relating, or possibly relating to, the product in use.  All of those are the responsibility of the organisation that is authorised to "supply" the product into the supply chain.  Some healthcare cultures allow agreements whereby an organisation may obtain stocks of a medicinal product and then to re-package or re-label repackage or relabel that medicinal product and place it into the supply chain, either within a single jurisdiction , or across a group of jurisdictions.  In this case, the re-packaging/re-labelling repackaging/relabeling organisation is acting as a supplier, and their name and details are likely to be present on the packaging, either exclusively or in addition to the primary organisation.   In these cases, the responsibility for the product information and the product quality and safety is shared in various ways depending on the agreement and jurisdictional regulations.

Nations/affiliates will need to must decide the principles under which they will to populate the 774159003 |Has supplier (attribute)| attribute, based on their own regulations and context of practice. The simplest rule is to use the company who holds the authorisation to market the medicinal product, ; but , as described above, there can be complexities. 

Issues to consider are:

• Whether re-packaging or re-labelling repackaging or relabeling is allowed by regulation and whether this is internal to the jurisdiction (as in the USA) or external to the jurisdiction (sometimes known as " parallel importing" or sale of "grey products" in Europe) or whether both are allowed, and how the authorisations for these are managed and therefore which organisation (the licensed re-packager repackager or the marketing authorisation holder) to designate as the manufacturer/supplier
• The role of the manufacturer/supplier information and the use case(s) to be supported, which may include
  • Contact for queries from clinicians and/or patients
  • Pharmacovigilance and product safety
• Whether the national medicines terminology will include medicines not authorised in their jurisdiction, and if so, how they wish to provide manufacturer/supplier information for these
  • For medicinal products licensed outside the jurisdiction, reference to the manufacturer is still likely to be appropriate
  • For compounded specials, to reference a generic "specials manufacturer" concept is possible since most of these will hold an authorisation to undertake specials manufacture

Due to the nature of the domain where either individual products or whole product sets, with their brand name and authorisation, can be sold from one organisation to another, it may be that even within one jurisdiction a single product name will be associated with more than one supplier.  For those extensions that populate the real medicinal product concept class, in situations where individual real clinical drugs share the same product name but have different supplier organisations, two real medicinal products will exist, as shown in the example below:

...

The 774159003 | Has supplier (attribute) | attribute is  is available from the concept model attribute hierarchy.  Supplier organisations, by virtue of being corporate bodies and legal entities, are unique to a given nation and must have their representation authored within the national extension using 774164004 | Supplier (supplier) | from the Qualifier hierarchy as the root concept.

...

The number (count) of of distinct clinical drug (concepts) present in the package.  For all non-combination packages, this value should be "one".

Discussion

The 

Concept
t 1142143009 |Count

The "count

of clinical drug type

"

(attribute)|

is used in the definition of the packaged clinical drug and the real packaged clinical drug.  

Count attributes are used for all medicinal product and package concepts that must be represented using the " closed world view " as a proxy for and until until a more expressive description logic becomes available to properly represent the universal restriction.  Packaged medicinal products must be described as containing "only" those clinical drugs that are stated in the logical definition, ; no other content is to be contemplated (no " open world " view).   A package containing 500mg paracetamol tablets must contain explicitly and only 500mg paracetamol tablets (not paracetamol capsules, or paracetamol and codeine tablets).    To correctly describe this, and particularly to ensure that pack concepts classify correctly, so that packs that contain more than one (type of) clinical drug (i.e. combination packs) do not classify as children of packs that contain only one type of clinical drug, it is necessary to use a "clinical drug count".  This follows a similar pattern to the use of the active ingredient count attribute used for MP only concepts, MPF only concepts, and clinical drug concepts.   

By using a "count" attribute in the definition of closed world concepts, the count information is machine processable, and therefore if/when a more expressive description logic becomes available to properly represent the closed world view, then all the count attributes can be used to transfer to the closed world description logic consistently.

Standard packs containing a single clinical drug type have a count of "one" for the "count

Concept
t 1142143009 |Count of clinical drug type (attribute

"

)|

.

Combination packs have the appropriate count (always greater than one) for the number of clinical drug types present in the combination pack.  If one of the components of a combination pack is a therapeutically inactive diluent, national extensions can choose whether to include this in the "count of clinical drug" and therefore whether the pack containing the diluent will classify as a sibling or as a child of any pack not containing a diluent. See also section 11 below. 

Contains clinical drug

Definition

The (real) clinical drug contained in the packaged product.   

Discussion

The 

Concept
t 774160008 |Contains

The "contains

clinical drug

"

(attribute)|

is used in the definition of the packaged clinical drug and the real packaged clinical drug.  

For packaged clinical drug concepts, the contains '

Concept
t 774160008 |Contains clinical drug (attribute

'

)|

should be valued with a clinical drug from the international release or from the national extension (for example, if a liquid presentation has concentration and presentation strength clinical drug representation in the national extension).

For real packaged clinical drug concepts, the contains '

Concept
t 774160008 |Contains clinical drug (attribute

'

)|

should be valued with a real clinical drug from the national extension.

The attribute is 

...

 .  As noted in the attribute tables for for packaged clinical drug and real packaged clinical drug, it is not possible currently to explicitly specify an expression to describe the range of (real) clinical drugs to populate this attribute , since (for example) a range cannot currently recognise a set of concepts with a particular semantic tag.  Alternative range expressions could be developed , based on the attributes that are unique to a (real) clinical drug; for .  For example:

• For clinical drugs: " all products with a dose form, precise ingredient substance, and basis of strength substance"
• For real clinical drugs: "  all products with a dose form, precise ingredient substance, basis of strength substance, product name, and supplier name".

Has pack size and Has pack size unit

...

For (real) clinical drugs described with a unit of presentation and either a presentation strength or and concentration and presentation strength, the pack size reflects the number of units of presentation present in the package, and the pack size unit relates to the unit of presentation.  For (real) clinical drugs with a continuous dose form, described with  with concentration strength, the pack size is the amount of the clinical drug present in the package with pack size units of either weight or volume as appropriate.

The following table describes some patterns and gives examples: