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A SNOMED CT Expression Constraint contains either a single focus concept, or a series of focus concepts joined by either conjunction, disjunction or exclusion. Each focus concept in an Expression Constraint is either a concept reference or a wildcard, and is normally preceded by either a constraint operator or a memberOf function. An Expression Constraint may also contain a refinement, which consists of grouped or ungrouped attributes (or both). Each attribute consists of the attribute name (optionally preceded by a cardinality, reverse flag and/or attribute operator) together with the value of the attribute. The attribute name is either a concept reference or a wild card. The attribute value is either an expression constraint or a concrete value (i.e. string, integer, decimal or boolean). Conjunction or disjunction can be applied at a variety of levels, including between expression constraints, refinements, attribute groups, and attributes. An expression constraint can also be followed by a dot and attribute name pair. One or more description filters may be applied to an expression constraint, which can include term, language, type and dialect filters, dialect and acceptability criteria. Similarly, one or more concept filters may be applied to an expression constraint, which can include definition status, module, effective time and active status criteria.
Figure 1 below illustrates the overall structure of an expression constraint using an abstract representation. Those parts of an expression constraint, which are in common with SNOMED CT Compositional Grammar expressions, are shown with dotted lines to emphasise the new features (using solid lines) in the Expression Constraint Language. Please note that no specific semantics should be attributed to each arrow in this abstract diagram.
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Figure 1: Abstract Model of a SNOMED CT Expression Constraint
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The expression constraint in Figure 2 is satisfied by concepts which are clinical findings and members of the cardiology reference set and have an attribute group that either has an associated morphology of infarct (or descendant) or are associated with myocardial infarction (or descendant). In addition, all matching concepts must also have a description that matches the term "card", has a language of English, has a type of
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with the main components marked. These components will be explained further in the subsequent sections of this document.
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Figure 2: The main components of an example expression constraint
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